Athletic teams utilize periodization by dividing the year into off-season, preseason and in-season periods. Their goal is to be at their best while in-season, particularly during the championship portion of the season. Likewise, individual athletes design their training plans to perform best at regional, national and world championship competitions. Periodization is important because the peak can only be maintained for a short period of time.
Most sports divide their annual training plan into four phases; off-season, pre-season, early season and late season. The training goes from general physical preparation and rest in the off-season to primarily high-intensity sport specific skills training and conditioning maintenance in the late season. Minimal sport-specific training occurs in the off-season while late season training includes minimal supplemental training.
http://hubpages.com/health/HOW-TO-BUILD-AN-ATHLETIC-BUTT-SERIES-PART-2
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